Application Notes

Different bus systems, such as the SD and e.MMC interface, SATA or PCIe, offer various properties in terms of data transfer rates and connectivity. These systems, however, are not immune to special challenges in PCB design, despite their long-standing use. One such challenge is signal reflection, which can impact the performance and reliability of the entire system. This application note addresses signal reflections in mass storage interfaces...

Partitioning can have a big influence on the speed and the lifetime of an SSD. Mainly with older industrial systems, whose operating systems still originate from the time before the wide spread of SSDs, this problem occurs frequently. The cause and remedies are discussed in this Application Note.

With hard disks, there is a fixed assignment between logical and physical addresses. With NAND flash, however, existing data cannot simply be overwritten because...

Swissbit has been one of the leading suppliers of SD Memory Cards for industrial use as well as for the automotive industry for many years.

This TechNote was created from this experience. It focuses on the most common problems that may occur during the integration of an SD Memory interface and is intended to serve as guide to avoid these problems.

Bad blocks are a normal part of NAND flash technology, both from manufacturing and during operation. This application note explains why bad blocks do not indicate poor quality, how they emerge over the lifetime of a storage medium, and why firmware-level bad block management is critical to protect new and existing data.

What happens inside NAND flash when data is deleted, overwritten, and reorganized? This application note explains how garbage collection works, why it is essential for flash-based storage, and how firmware-managed mapping tables help keep storage media efficient, reliable, and ready for new data.